1. How are labor disputes settled in Italy?
Labor disputes in Italy are settled by specialized labor courts, which are integrated into the general civil court system but follow a specific procedural framework. These courts handle employment-related cases and ensure workers' and employers' rights are addressed.
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2. What was the historical development of labor dispute resolution in Italy?
The settlement of labor disputes in Italy began in 1893 with the creation of a "consiglio di probiviri," composed of employer and employee representatives for lower-level cases. The fascist reform of 1926 transferred all cases to professional judges, a system that remains in place today.
3. How does the labor court system function in Italy?
In Italy, labor cases are initially heard by a single professional judge, regardless of the monetary amount involved. The decision can be appealed before a Tribunal of three judges, with a further appeal possible to the five-member Supreme Court Labor Chamber.
4. What procedural rules apply to labor trials in Italy?
Labor trials in Italy follow special procedural rules under Act 533 of 1973. These rules reduce the amount of written material required, increase litigant participation, and aim to expedite the trial process.
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5. What changes were made by Act 80 of 1998 regarding labor dispute resolution in Italy?
Act 80 of 1998 expanded the jurisdiction of labor courts to include cases brought by civil servants in Italy, which were previously handled by administrative courts. It also requires plaintiffs to attempt conciliation before suing, either through a public labor office or union procedure.
6. Is there a procedure for collective labor disputes in Italy?
Currently, there is no specific procedure for collective labor disputes in Italy. However, Act 80 of 1998 introduced the possibility for the Supreme Court to immediately interpret collective agreements signed by civil servant unions in the event of a dispute.
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